- The power generating unit of a cell is
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi complex
- Centrosome
- The white blood corpuscles which has multiple lobes is
- Neutrophil
- Basophil
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophil
- Highest area for perception of visual sensation is
- Occipital lobe
- Frontal load
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Bowman's capsule is located in
- Kidney
- Eye
- Liver
- Heart
- Caseating granuloma is feature of
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
- Typhoid
- Leptospirosis
- The calorific value of carbohydrate is
- 4 Kcal/ kg
- 2 Kcal/ kg
- 6 Kcal/ kg
- 9 Kcal/ kg
- Right ventricle pumps blood into
- Pulmonary artery
- Aorta
- Pulmonary vein
- Superior Vena cava
- Outermost coat of blood vessel is
- Tunica adventitia
- Tunica media
- Tunica albuginea
- Tunica intima
- Sensation mediated by nociceptors is
- Pain
- Touch
- Temperature
- Vibration
- Acromegaly is due to excess secretion of
- Growth hormone
- ACTH
- TSH
- Prolactin
- Curie is the unit of
- Radioactivity
- Energy of gamma rays
- Half Life
- Intensity of X-rays
- Ways of hardening the X-ray beam
- Both of these
- Using filtration
- Increasing the voltage
- None of these
- Thermions are
- Electrons
- Protons
- Photons
- Positrons
- Isotopes are atoms having
- Same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- Same number of neutrons but different number of protons
- Same number of protons and neutrons
- None of these
- Advantages of Cancer screening include the following except
- Over diagnosis of non-progressive lesions
- Reduction in mortality
- Reduce the number of patients requiring radical treatment
- Reassurance of patients whose screening test is negative
- Permissible annual radiation exposure limit for radiation worker is
- 20 mSv
- 1 mSv
- 10 mSv
- 100 mSv
- Which of the following is not a mode of radioactive decay?
- Nuclear fusion
- Positron emission
- Electron capture
- Alpha decay
- The definitive treatment of gastric cancer is
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormone therapy
- Alpha rays emitted from a radioactive substance are
- Doubly ionized Helium atom
- Uncharged particles
- Mass and charge equal to that of a Proton
- Negatively charged particle
- Radioisotope has a half-life of 75 years. The fraction of atoms of this element that will be decaying 150 years will be
- 75 %
- 66.6 %
- 83.5 %
- 25 %
- The target material in an x-ray tube must have
- High atomic number
- Low melting point
- High mass number
- High cost
- Radionuclides are produced by
- All of these
- Nuclear fission
- Nuclear reactor
- Cyclotron
- Background radiation is contributed by the following except
- Ultraviolet rays
- Terrestrial radiation
- Cosmic radiation
- Radioactive elements in our body
- All are teletherapy source except
- Iridium 192
- Cobalt 60
- Cesium 137
- Radium 226
- The following are electromagnetic radiation except
- Beta radiation
- Characteristic radiation
- Bremsstrahlung radiation
- Annihilation radiation
- Interactions of photons with matter include all except
- Leakage radiation
- Pair production
- Photoelectric effect
- Compton scattering
- X-ray beams quality depend on the
- All of these
- Accelerating voltage
- Target material
- Inherent filtration
- D max for Cobalt 60 gamma rays is
- 0.5 cm
- 1.33 cm
- 1.17 cm
- 1.5 cm
- Personal monitoring device include all except
- Gun monitor
- TLD
- Film badge
- Pocket dosimeter
- Advantages of diagnostic ultrasound over CT scan
- All of these
- No harmful side effect
- Relatively cheap
- Non invasive
- Gamma Rays are deflected in
- Neither magnetic nor electric field
- Magnetic field but not in electric field
- Electric field but not in magnetic field
- Both magnetic and electric fields
- A radiotherapy simulator
- Uses x-ray for imaging
- Uses Gamma Rays for therapy
- Is a brachytherapy machine
- All of these
- Radiographic film is coated with gelatin layer containing
- Both of these
- Silver halide crystals
- Silver sulphide crystals
- None of these
- Radioisotopes used in brachytherapy includes all except
- Iodine 131
- Caesium 137
- Gold 198
- Radium 226
- Beta rays emitted by radioactive material are
- Charged particles emitted by nucleus
- Neutral particles
- Electrons orbiting around the nucleus
- Electromagnetic radiations
- Which of the following uses gamma rays?
- Brachytherapy with iridium 192
- Simulator
- LINAC
- IMRT
- Principles of radiation protection include all except
- Monitoring
- Time
- Distance
- Shielding
- In photoelectric emission the velocity of electrons ejected from near the surface is
- Larger than those coming from interior of metal
- Same as those coming from interior of the metal
- Less than those coming from interior of metal
- None of these
- Radiation detecting instrument used in nuclear medicine
- Gamma camera
- Gamma knife
- Gamma zone monitor
- Cyber knife
- Isotope of iodine used in PET
- I-124
- I-123
- I-127
- I-131
- The half-life of a radioactive element depends on
- None of these
- Amount of element present
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Mantle field radiotherapy is used in
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Breast cancer
- Thyroid cancer
- Scintillation crystal used in clinical PET imaging include all except
- Sodium iodide (Thallium)
- Bismuth Germanium oxide (BGO)
- Gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO)
- Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO)
- A moderator used in nuclear reactor in order to
- Slow down the speed of neutrons
- Accelerate the neutrons
- Increase the number of neutrons
- Decrease the number of neutrons
- Pure beta emission include all except
- Iodine 123
- Phosphorus 32
- Yttrium 90
- Strontium 89
- Dose of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases
- 30 Gy in 10 fractions
- 40 Gy in 10 fractions
- 60 Gy in 30 fractions
- None of these
- Non-stochastic effect of radiation
- Epilation
- Carcinogenesis
- Genetic effect
- All of these
- Cobalt 60 is produced from Cobalt 59 by
- Neutron bombardment
- Proton bombardment
- Deutetro bombardment
- Electron bombardment
- X-ray photons produced by an x-ray machine are
- Heterogeneous in energy
- Homogeneous in energy
- Both of these
- None of these
- Radioactivity is
- All of these
- An Irreversible process
- Self-disintegrative process
- Spontaneous
- Linear acceleration is used in
- Teletherapy
- Contact therapy
- Superficial therapy
- Grenz-ray therapy
- Which among the following is an electron accelerator?
- All of these
- Microtron
- Betatron
- Linear accelerator
- Bragg peak characteristics is utilizing in
- Proton therapy
- Neutron therapy
- Megavoltage therapy
- Electron therapy
- Phase of cell cycle most sensitive to radiation
- M Phase
- G1 Phase
- S Phase
- G2 Phase
- Directly ionizing radiation include
- Electrons
- Photons
- Neutrons
- None of these
- Photoelectric attenuation is
- Directly proportional to the cube of atomic number
- Directly proportional to the square of atomic number
- Inversely proportional to the square of atomic number
- Inversely proportional to the cube of mass number
- Minimum energy required for pair production
- 1.02 Mev
- 0.51 Mev
- 10.2 Mev
- 1.02 Kev
- Electron interact with matter by
- Both of these
- Ionization
- Excitation
- None of these
- Ideal radionuclide for imaging should be
- All of these
- Mono energetic
- Having short half life
- Pure Gamma emitter
- Indirectly ionizing radiation include
- All of these
- X rays
- Gamma rays
- Neutrons
- The unit of exposure is
- Roentgen
- Curie
- RAD
- Gray
- Bolus often used in electron beam therapy to
- All of these
- Flatten out an irregular surface
- Reduce the penetration of electrons in parts of the field
- Increase the surface dose
- Which among the following is not a permanent implant?
- Iridium 192
- Palladium 103
- Iodine 125
- Gold 198
- Curable cancers include all except
- Metastatic pancreatic carcinoma
- Carcinoma of vocal cord
- Seminoma testis
- Lymphoma
- The following are brachytherapy application except
- Intraoperative therapy
- Surface mould
- Interstitial therapy
- Intracavitary therapy
- Output of an x-ray machine is
- Proportional to square of kilo voltage
- Proportional to kilo voltage
- Inversely proportional to square of kilo voltage
- None of these
- Quality factor (radiation weighting) factor for Alpha particle is
- 4
- 1
- 5
- 20
- Radiation hormesis is
- None of these
- Beneficial effect of radiation
- Teratogenic effect of radiation
- Radiation protection parameter
- Which among the following is stochastic effect of radiation?
- Fibrosis
- Cataract
- Genetic effect
- Decrease in sperm count
- Treatment of choice for small cell lung cancer
- Chemotherapy
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Hormonal therapy
- NCRP recommended annual radiation exposure limit for trainee radiation worker
- 1 msv
- 5 msv
- 20 msv
- 50 msv
- Directors most often used for x-ray measurements are
- All of these
- Ionization chamber
- Geiger counter
- Thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD)
- Spread of Cancer occur by the following ways
- All of these
- Local innovation
- Lymphatic spread
- Hematogenous spread
- Output of an x-ray machine
- Increase with tube current
- Decrease with voltage
- Increase with filtration
- None of these
- Compton interaction is
- Independent of atomic number
- Directly proportional to the square of atomic number
- Inversely proportional to the cube of atomic number
- None of these
- Highly radiosensitive tissue among the following is
- Epidermis
- Muscle
- Bone
- Nerve
- Cancer of which among the following organ is likely to spread to bone
- Nasopharynx
- Lip
- Tongue
- Maxilla
- Radioiodine is used in the treatment of all except
- Medullary thyroid cancer
- Differentiated thyroid cancer
- Graves disease
- Multinodular goitre
- PET scan
- All of these
- Is used in staging evaluation of lymphoma
- Is expensive
- 18F-FDG is the tracer used
- In Radioactive equilibrium
- The parents and daughter nuclide will decay at the same rate
- The parent and daughter elements stable
- The parent element is Radioactive the daughter is always stable
- None of these
- The approximate energy of radiation emitted from tungsten target when an electron falls from M shell to the K shell is
- 67.5 Kev
- 70 Kev
- 59 Kev
- 8.5 Kev
- Isomers are
- Atoms with the same mass number, same atomic number, different number of nuclear energy level
- Atoms with the same atomic number, different number of neutrons
- Atoms with same number of neutrons, different atomic number
- Atoms with the same mass number, different number of neutrons
- In Photon beam interaction with matter the process in which there is no net loss energy is
- Coherent scattering
- Photoelectric effect
- Compton effect
- Pair production
- The unit of KERMA is
- Gray
- Ronetgen
- Sievert
- Joule
- Most commonly used a radioactive source in modern brachytherapy is
- Ir-192
- Ra-226
- I-131
- Tc 99m
- The annual dose limit for general public as per atomic energy regulatory board guideline is
- 1 msv
- 20 msv
- 5 msv
- 2 msv
- The emulsion in radiographic film contains
- Silver halide crystals
- Caesium halide crystals
- Calcium tungstate crystals
- Silver atoms
- When grids are used in radiography, the radiation dose to the patient
- Increase
- Decreases
- May or may not increase
- Remains same
- In mammography the filter material used is
- Molybdenum
- Aluminium
- Tungsten
- Copper
- The principle of photostimulable phosphor luminescence is used in
- Computed radiography (CR)
- Digital radiography (DR)
- Image intensifier
- Darkroom fluoroscopy
- Among the following which is not a component of image intensifier tube
- Photomultiplier tube
- Input screen
- Photo cathode
- Output screen
- The factor which does not affect the subject contrast is
- mA
- Tissue density
- Kvp
- Atomic number
- Protective apron used by radiation worker in radiography should have a minimum lead equivalence of
- 0.25 mm lead
- 0.5 mm lead
- 1 mm lead
- 2 mm lead
- The TLD badges used in India are made from
- Caso4 : Dy
- LiF
- La2B4O7
- CaF2 : Mn
- A Co-60 source is having an activity of 10000 Ci. What will be its activity after an interval of time equal to its average life?
- 2369 Ci
- 100 Ci
- 5000 Ci
- 10000 Ci
- A photon of 2.5 Mev undergoes pair production. The pair of electron and positron possesses equal kinetic energy of
- 0.74 Mev each
- 1.25 Mev each
- 2.5 Mev each
- 1.48 Mev each
- What is the approximate ratio of bremsstrahlung to characteristic radiation coming out of an X-ray tube with tungsten target if it is operated at 70 kvp?
- 1 : 0
- 1 : 1
- 0: 1
- 1: 10
- Adjacent regions of a radiograph have optical densities of 1.0 and 2.0. The differences in the transmission of light through these two regions are
- 10% and 1%
- 1% and 2%
- 1% and 0.5%
- 10% and 20%
- Ultrasound waves are propagated through tissue as
- Longitudinal wave
- Transverse waves
- Electromagnetic wave
- Electrical waves
- Noise in radio graphic film is caused by
- Focal spot size
- Quantum mottle
- Film graininess
- Structure mottle
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